![]() An inventory of WES breakwater stability studies is given in Appendix B. Today, model tests are commonly used and play a significant role in the design of sophisticated coastal structures.ġ-6. Later, exigting experience was the guiding hand and it was not until the 1930rs that model tests were introduced to aid in the design of such struc- tures. Originally, the de- sign and the construction of breakwaters and coastal protection structures were based on trial and error resulting from man's conflicts with nature. A summary of their locations-and types is presented in Appendix D. The Corps of Engineers is responsible for over 600 break- waters and jetties, many of which date to the mid and late 1800fs. ![]() These publications are listed in alphabetical order in Appendix A and are available for loan upon re- quest to the Technical Information Center (TIC) Library, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES), PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180- 0631. In publications where authors are not listed the organization and the date of publication are given. Item numbers are used throughout this manual to indicate bibliographic references. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 Available from Superintendent of Docu- ments, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, P.O. Coastal Engineering Research Center, CE, 1984, nShore Protection Manual," Vols I and II, U.S. ![]() Coastal Engineering Research Center, CE, 1983, "Construction Materials For Coastal Structures," Special Report No. General Aesthetics Fishing Platforms Aids to Navigation Construction Methodsĭesign Optimization Alternative Structures ![]() General Physical Impacts Water Quality Impacts Biological Impacts Short- and Long-Term Impacts Socioeconomic and Cultural Impacts Evaluation of Project Alternatives General Pneumatic Breakwater System Hydraulic Breakwater System Sloping Float Breakwater Sheet-Pile Structures 5-l 5-l Steel Sheet Piles 5-2 5-l Timber Sheet Pile 5-3 5-3 Reinforced Concrete Piling 5-4 5-7 Wave Force Computations 5-5 5-7 Maintenance 5-6 5-11 Rehabilitation 5-7 5-13įloating Breakwater Applicability Floating Breakwater Groups Operational Considerations Pontoon Floating Breakwaters Scrap-Tire Floating Breakwaters Models Prototype Tests Maintenance RehabilitationĤ-l 4-l 4-2 4-l 4-3 4-2 4-4 4-7 4-5 4-7 4-6 4-7 4-7 4-7 4-8 4-11 4-9 4-11 4-10 4-11 4-11 4-17 4-12 4-17 4-13 4-18 4-14 4-21 DESIGN OF RUBBLE-MOUND STRUCTURESĭefinition Selection of Design Wave Concrete Armor Units Special Stone Placement Overtopped Breakwaters Estimating Wave Runup Selection of Armor Type and Weight Selection of Seaside Armor Slope Selection of Harbor-Side Armor Slope Detailing Structure Cross Section Use of Concrete Caps Design of Structure Head and Lee-Side Armor Example of Preliminary-Design Details Sealing Rubble-Mound Jetties or Breakwaters Quality Control Specification Requirementsįor Construction Materials Rehabilitation MaintenanceĬHAPTER 5. Objective Layout Options Selection of Structure TypesĬHAPTER 4. Purpose l-l l-l Applicability l-2 1-l References l-3 l-l Bibliography l-4 l-2 Background l-5 l-2 Inventory 1-6 l-2 Symbols l-7 l-2 General 1-8 l-2 Definitions l-9 1-3 Types of Breakwaters and Jetties l-10 1-3ĭesign Overview Design Studies Typical Engineering Studies Water Levels and Datums Waves Currents Geotechnical Considerations Ice Conditions Shoreline Changes Prior Projects and Their Effects Baseline Surveys Design Life, Degree of Protection, and Design Conditionsĭredging and Disposal Seismic Design Environmental Impact Model Tests Operation and Maintenance (O&M)Ģ-l 2-l 2-2 2-2 2-3 2-2 2-4 2-3 2-5 2-4 2-6 2-6 2-7 2-6 2-8 2-7 2-9 2-9 2-10 2-9 2-11 2-9Ģ-12 2-10 2-13 2-10 2-14 2-13 2-15 2-13 2-16 2-13 2-17 2-13 Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000Įngineering and Design DESIGN OF BREAKWATERS AND JETTIES
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